Three-tier web application

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Presentation, application and data tiers behind a load balancer, with a cache and an external identity provider.

The default shape for a business web application: a web front end, a stateless application tier that owns the business rules, and a relational database, each scaled and secured on its own. When to use: most line-of-business applications with one team and one deployable unit; a sensible starting point before anything more distributed. Trade-offs: simple to build, test and operate; scales by adding stateless application instances. The database becomes the scaling and availability limit, and the whole application is released together.

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